yoga book / differential diagnosis of muscle injury

The first differentiation in muscle injuries is after a trauma:
traumatic muscle injuries are divided into contusion (contusion)
and laceration (open laceration).
In the case of non-traumatic muscle injuries, various injuries must be differentiated from one another, and the familiar terms muscle soreness, muscle strains, muscle fibre tears and muscle tears must be assigned.

Non-traumatic muscle injuries are categorised as follows:

Functional damage without macroscopic correlate (sono, MRI):

1A: Fatigue-induced painful muscle stiffness (Fatigue-induced Muscle Disorder, also: „hard tension“)
1B: „Muscle soreness“ (DOMS, Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness)
2A: Spinal neuromuscular muscle lesions (spine-related neuromuscular muscle disorder)
2B: Muscular neuromuscular muscle lesions (vulgo strain, muscle-related neuromuscular muscle disorder)

Structural muscle injuries with a macroscopic correlate:

3A: muscle fibre tear (tear of max. one bundle)
3B: muscle bundle tear
4: subtotal, total tear or avulsion

Known as	1A	1B Muscle soreness	2A	2B Strain	3A Torn muscle fibre	3B Muscle bundle tear	4 Muscle tear, Avulsion
Clinic	Pain: dull to stabbing, hardening, feeling of tension	Sluggishness, stiffness, general. Pain	Pain: dull to stabbing, hardening	up to sharp, stabbing pain, hardening,	sudden, sharp, stinging	sudden, sharp, stinging	Suddenly, abruptly, then dull
Beginn	increasing during the activity, possibly up to 24 h ex post	mostly after 6-48 h	Increasingly during the activity	Increasingly during the activity	suddenly	suddenly	suddenly
Force reduction	(-)	possibly, more subjective	due to pain	due to pain	due to pain	due to pain	due to pain, absolute failure
Localisation	partially to completely	generalised	individual muscle bundles over the entire length	spindle-shaped along the abdomen	mostly muscle-tendon junction	mostly muscle-tendon junction	Muscle-tendon or bone-tendon junction
Palpation	Band-like hardening, usually without oedema			Possibly palpable defect	palpable defect
Pressure soreness	+				premises DS	premises DS
Stretching		bessert	Defence reaction	bessert	KI !	KI !	KI !
Load		Moderate pain		sharp pain

Muscle cramps do not belong in the area of muscle injuries.