yogabook / pathologie / muscle cramp
muscle cramp
Definition of
Involuntary strong, painful muscle tension that is not adequate for the load. Non-neurological muscle cramps at rest are often caused by a calcium deficiency, stress-induced cramps are usually caused by a magnesium deficiency
Cause
– Behavior
- Overuse of the muscles
- Use of the muscles in very short sarcomere lengths
- Hyperventilation
– Metabolic factors / supply
- Primary (diet-related, increased requirement) or secondary (prolonged diarrhea, IBD, celiac disease, MAS, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, medication) hypomagnesemia
- Primary (diet-related, increased requirement, insufficient daylight exposure) or secondary (prolonged diarrhea, IBDs, celiac disease, MAS, hypomagnesemia, albumin deficiency, chronic kidney disease, acute pancreatitis, gastrinoma, bulimia, endocrine imbalances [hypo-PTH, hypercalcitonin, hypo-vitamin D3], antiepileptic drugs) hypocalcemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemia
- medicinal
- Internal causes: Circulatory disorders [arterial or venous], leg edema, uremia
– Musculoskeletal system
- Orthopaedic causes
- Muscle diseases
– Other factors
- neurological (various, e.g. ALS, polyneuropathies)
Predisposing
- Gravidity
Symptoms
- Cramp-like muscle pain with increased tone and reduced range of motion, increased pain on stretching
Therapy
- Interrupting the load
- Do not cool
- Stretching
- Tensing the antagonists
- Electrolyte replacement