yogabook / pathologie / luxation, subluxation (dislocation)

luxation, subluxation (dislocation)

Definition of

Dislocation is a temporary or permanent misalignment of an articulating bone in which the physiologically articulating cartilaginous joint surfaces are no longer in contact. If they have only partially lost contact, this is referred to as a subluxation. This is usually due to instability or trauma. Traumatic dislocations in particular usually involve damage to capsules or ligaments.

In addition to acute dislocations, chronic recurrent or persistent dislocations also occur. The distal bone is considered to be (sub)dislocated in each case. The shoulder joint is affected in 50% of cases, 95% of which involve the humeral head being displaced forwards (anterior dislocation). Acute, traumatic dislocations are usually relatively easy to reduce, congenital or chronic ones less so. Reductions should be carried out by specialised personnel.

1. Grade 1: Subluxation, still with contact between the bone surfaces
2. Grade 2: Dislocation: no more contact between the bone surfaces, usually with capsular injury

1. Definite signs: Misalignment, springy fixation, abnormal position of the joint head, empty joint socket
2. Uncertain signs: pain, functional restriction, swelling, bruising

Children under the age of 7 rarely suffer a dislocation; men more often than women, as they are more likely to play sports with a high risk of injury

ICD S63

Cause

1. mostly: traumatic
2. Joint changes, e.g. in RA, hallux valgus, infectious destruction of the capsular/ligamentous apparatus, flaccid and spastic paralysis, tumor near the joint, osteonecrosis
3. native

Predisposing

1. Age

Diagnosis

1. Sono
2. X-ray
3. Control blood circulation
4. Control Sensitivity

Symptoms

1. Severe pain on movement
2. Pain at rest
3. Avoidance of movement
4. Gentle posture
5. Functional restriction of the joint
6. Possible effusion
7. Bleeding through ruptured vessels if necessary

Complications

1. In acute dislocation, the joint capsule may be torn
2. With chronic dislocation, subluxation can become dislocation and then joint destruction.
3. Recurrence after reduction, habitual dislocation
4. Undetected nerve and vascular damage
5. Depending on the extent and duration of the dislocation, reduced joint stability and risk of arthrosis

Therapy

1. Gentle reduction(to avoid further injury, including to nerves and vessels), if necessary under anesthesia, X-ray documentation, immobilization
2. younger, active people are more likely to undergo ligament tightening surgery to reduce the risk of dislocation
3. In cases of chronic dislocation, surgery if necessary (bloody reduction)
4. Movement and strength training