yogabook / pathologie / torn muscle fibers
Contents
Torn muscle fiber/muscle tear
Definition of
Mostly sports-related trauma to the musculature with tearing of one or more grouped fibers. If more than one third of the cross-section is torn (interrupted continuity), the fiber tear is referred to as a muscle tear. The tear with bleeding distinguishes the muscle fiber tear from a strain. Very small tears are common during exercise, are asymptomatic and do not impair performance. In the case of a complete tear, the tendons pull the two parts back in the direction of the origin and insertion, severe hematoma, which partially impairs the interpretation of the imaging, complete loss of function. There is also the muscle bundle tear, in which an entire bundle is torn. See also the general article on muscle injuries.
ICD T14.6
Cause
- abrupt eccentric contraction beyond the competence of the muscle
Predisposing
- Low ambient temperature
- Insufficient warm-up
- Muscular fatigue
- Exhausted muscle metabolism
- Muscle hardening
Diagnosis
- Clinical
- Sono
- GOT and GPT increased with larger cracks
Symptoms
- sudden knife-like pain with the triggering movement
- (mostly visible) hematoma
- often palpable dent
- Possibly palpable interruption of continuity
- Pressure soreness
- Mostly localized permanent pain, additional pain on movement
- Painful stretching (except in the case of a complete tear)
- In the case of complete avulsion: complete loss of function, altered resting position of the joint due to tension of the antagonists
Complications
- If movement is resumed too quickly or inadequately, risk of scarring and moysitis ossificans
- Reruptures
Therapy
- Rapid intervention: PECH
- The faster the muscle fiber tear is cooled, the less bleeding and the shorter the treatment time
- Protection
- Cooling, decongestant dressings, e.g. with diclofenac, heparin
- antiphlogistic enzymes such as phlogenzyme
- Iontophoresis
- from the 4th/5th day, light passive stretching exercises
- Manual lymph drainage to promote swelling reduction if necessary
- As soon as pain-free, isometric strengthening, walking exercises to prevent muscle atrophy
- High spontaneous healing rate, healing usually within approx. 6 weeks
- Surgery only in case of functional failure, i.e. usually complete rupture
- Testosterone therapy against muscle atrophy
- Aftercare: Preventive measures to avoid reruptures and further muscle fiber tears: Improvement of intramuscular and intermuscular coordination, extensive warm-up training, avoidance of muscle shortening or muscle imbalances due to inadequate stretching or one-sided training.