glossary

yogabook / glossary

The glossary explains many terms relating to asana, anatomy, physiology, pathology, training theory, movement physiology and biomechanics as well as some of the scientific principles.

philosophy . terminology . definitions of orientation . terms of location and direction . prefixes . suffixes . body parts . other

Philosophy

citta-vrtti
gunas
rajas
samkhya
sattva
tamas

citta-vrtti

the activity of the thinking organ, especially in its characteristic of unbridled, unmotivated, uncontrolled forward thinking as one of the main sources of disturbance in the human system as a whole.

samkhya

gunas

the 3 natural qualities tamas , rajas and sattva, from which everything that exists arises through combination.

tamas

the natural quality guna of dullness, darkness, inertia, lack, unconsciousness and the like, in short, the undeveloped(st) component, which is completely destructive on its own, just as rajas is destructive on its own

rajas

the natural quality guna of work (on..), movement, struggle (for..), drive, impulse and the like, in short the dynamic component, which taken on its own is just as destructive as tamas taken on its own

sattva

the natural quality guna of balance, clarity, ability and the like.

Terminology


a- an- ab-
abdominalis
-abel
Abszess
acromialis
Adipositas
-aemie
-al
-algie/algesie
-alis
Amnesie
anal
Aneurysma
Angulus
ante-
anterior
anti-
Apertura
apikal
Apoplexie
Arcus
Arteria
Arthritis
Arthrose
Articulatio
ascendens
-ase
-asis
Atrophie
auto
basal
brachial
brady-
Bursa
Bursitis
Canalis
Carcinom
-card
Cavitas
CED
Cholangitis
Cholelithiasis
Collum
Commotio
Conjunctivitis
contra-
Cor
Cornu
Corpus
costalis
cranialis
Crista
cysticus
de-
Dec(k)ubitus
Delir
Demenz
descendens
dexter
dia-
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
diffus
Digitus
Dilatation
dis-
Diskusprolaps
Dislokation
Disposition
distal
distales Fingerglied
dorsal
dorsalis
Ductus
Duodenum
dys-
ektop
Embolie
Embryo
Emphysem
en-
endo-
epi-
Epiglottis
ex-
externus
extra-
Fascia
femoris
Femur
Femurkopf / Hüftkopf
Fetus
fibularis
Fissur
Foramen
Foramen Magnum
Fossa
Fraktur
frontal
Gaster
gastricus
-gen
generalisiert
Genese
genital
Genu
Gingiva
Glandula
Gluteus
-graphie
Gyrus
Hallux
Hämatom
Hämaturie
Hämodialyse
Hämophilie
Hämorrhoiden
Hemiplegie
Hepar
hepatis
Hepatitis
hetero-
Hiatus
homo-
Humerus
hyper-
Hyperglykämie
Hyperplasie
Hypertonie
Hypertrophie
hypo-
iatrogen
-ibel
Ikterus
Ileus
iliac
immunisieren
in-
Indikation
Infarkt
inferior
Influenza
Infusion
Inkubationszeit
Insuffizienz
Insulin
inter-
internus
intestinal
intestinal
Intestinum
Intoxikation
intra-
intrakorporal
Intubation
ipsi-
ipsilateral
Iris
irreversibel
Ischämie
iso-
-itis
Kachexie
kard
Kardia
kardial
kaudal
KHK
Kolik
Kollaps
kontagiös
kontra-
kontralateral
Kontusion
kranial
Labium
Labyrinth
Lamina
laryngeal
Larynx
Läsion
lateral
letal
Lien
lienalis
Ligamentum
Lingua
Lobus
-logie
longitudinalis
lumbal
Luxation
LWS (Lendenwirbelsäule)
-lyse
makro-
Malignität
Mamilla
Mamma
Mandibula
Manus
Margo
Maxilla
maximus
medial
mediales Fingerglied
median
medius
mega-
Meningen
Meningitis
meta-
mikro-
minimus
Mobilität
mono-
Morbus
Musculus
Myalgie
Myogelose
Myxödem
neo-
Nervus
Neuralgie
Nodus
nuchal
Nucleus
Oberschenkelhals / Femurhals
Obstipation
Ödem
Oesophagus
okzipital
Opticus
oral
Orbita
ortho-
Os
osteochondrale Läsion
Ovarium
palmaris
Palpation
Pankreas
Pankreatitis
para-
Paralyse
paravertebral
parietal
Pars
Patella
Patellapol
pectoralis
per-
Perforation
Pericard
Perineum
Periost
Peritoneum
Perkussion
peroneus
Pharynx
plantaris_adjektiv
Pleura
Pleuritis
Plexus
Pneumo
Pneumonie
post-
posterior
prae- prä-
pro-
Processus
profundus
Prostata
proximal
proximales Fingerglied
pseudo-
Psoriasis
Pulmo
pulmonalis
radialis
Radius
Radix
Ramus
Reanimation
Recessus
Rectum
regressiv
rekonvaleszent
Remission
Ren
renalis
Reposition
Resektion
Resistenz
Resorption
retro-
retrosternal
Rezidiv
Ruptur
sakral
Sakroiliitis
Salpinx
caput
Scrotum
sekundär
senil
Sepsis
Septum
sinister
Sinus
Sinusitis
Somnolenz
Spasmus
spinal
Splen
Spontanheilung
Status
steno-
Stenose
Stoma
Striktur
Struma
sub-
Sulcus
super-
superficialis
superior
supra-
syn-, sym-
Synkope
tachy-
Talus (Sprungbein)
Tendo
TEP (Totalendoprothese)
terminal
Testis
Tetraplegie
Therapie
thoracal
thoracal
thoracicus
thorakal
Thorax
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombose
Thyreoida
TIA
tibialis
Tonsilla
Trachea
Tracheotomie
transversus
Tuber
Tuberculum
Tuberositas
Ulcus
ulnaris
ultra-
Umbilicus
Untersuchungsmethoden
Ureter
Urethra
Urtikaria
Uterus
Vagina
Vas
Vena
ventral
ventralis
Ventriculus
Ventrikel
vertebralis
Vesica
viszeral
zervikal

Lagebezeichnungen

abdominalis

belonging to the belly

acromialis

belonging to the shoulder height (acromion)

apikal

located at the top

basal

forming the basis

brachial

on the upper arm

costalis

on the ribs

cranialis

belonging to or pointing towards the skull

cysticus

belonging to the bile duct system

dorsalis

on the back, backwards

ektop

located in the wrong place

intrakorporal

within the body

femoris

on the thigh, the upper leg

fibularis

belongig to the shin bone (tibia) also refers to the lower leg muscles M. fibularis longus and M. fibularis brevis

gastricus

belonging to the stomach

hepatis

on or in the liver

iliac

belonging to the ilium

intestinal

Intestines…

lienalis

belonging to the spleen

laryngeal

Pharyngeal…

lumbal

Lumbar…

nuchal

Neck.

palmaris / palmar

belonging to the palm of the hand

pectoralis / pectoral

belonging to the chest

peroneus

belonging to the calf bone

plantaris (als adjektiv)

belonging to the sole of the foot, also name of the muscle M. plantaris

pulmonalis

on or in the lungs

radialis

on the spoke

renalis

on or in the kidney

retrosternal

behind the sternum

sakral

belonging to the Kreuzbein

spinal

belonging to the spine

terminal

located at the end, end-

thoracicus

on or in the chest

thoracal

Chest…

tibialis

belonging to the shin (Tibia)

transversus

running across, striving through

ulnaris

at the Ulna; in the case of movements, ulnar means „towards the ulna“

vertebralis

belonging to a vertebrae

zervikal

belonging to the cervical spine

Richtungsbezeichnungen

ventral

front, breast side = anterior

anterior

front, breast side = ventral

dorsal

rear, back = posterior

posterior

back, dorsal = dorsal

ascendens

ascending

descendens

descending

dexter

dext. right

sinister

sin. left

inferior

below

superior

top

kaudal

below (tailwards)

kranial

cranial (top of the skull)

externus

ext. outside, superficial ?

internus

int. inside, in the body

proximal

close/closer to the center of the body

distal

away from the center of the body

medial

centered(er) / towards the middle of the body

lateral

to the side(s) / to the side

ipsilateral

same page

kontralateral

on the opposite side of the body

maximus

max. the largest ?

minimus

max. the smallest

frontal

in the frontal plane or parallel to it

profundus

prof. deep

superficialis

superficial, superficial

longitudinalis

in longitudinal direction

medius

middle, between two

median

centered, in/on the midline of the body

paravertebral

next to the spine

ventralis

ventr. anteriorly, on the abdomen, abdominally

okzipital

located towards the back of the head

oral

on/in/about the mouth

parietal

belonging to the body wall

viszeral

to a viscera …

thoracal

belonging to the thorax, also thoracic

thorakal

belonging to the thorax, also thoracic

anal

belonging to the anus

genital

to sexual organs …

intestinal

to the intestines …

Präfixe

a- an- ab-

un-, not, away, free from, the absence of (a negation)

ante-

front/front

anti-

against, = contra-

contra-

against, = anti-

auto-

self-

brady-

slowly

de-

from, away, down

dia-

through, through, apart, between

dis-

apart, between, across

dys-

Disturbance of a condition, bad

en-

in, into, = endo-

endo-

in, into = en-

epi-

on it

extra-

from, out of, outside, = ex-

ex-

from, out of, outside, = extra-

hetero-

different

homo-

equal

hyper-

over, too much

hypo-

under, too little

in-

inside

inter-

between

intra-

within

ipsi-

equal

iso-

iso-, equal, sometimes also: homo-

kontra-

vs.

makro-

Large (visible to the eye)

mega-

large

meta-

behind

mikro-

small

mono-

single, alone

neo-

new

ortho-

straight, right (right)

para-

beside, on both sides, at, towards,

per-

through

post-

after, behind (locally, temporally)

pro-

for

prae- prä-

before

pseudo-

wrong

retro-

behind

steno-

narrow

sub-

under

supra-

over, above, = super-

super-

over, above, = supra-

syn-, sym-

together

tachy-

fast

ultra-

beyond that, beyond

Suffixe

-abel

denotes the ability to do something, also: -able = -ibel

-ibel

denotes the ability to do something, also: -able = -abel

-aemie

Blood, in the bloodBlut, im Blut

-algie/algesie

Pain

-alis

belonging to something, = -al

-al

belonging to something, = -alis

-ase

Enzyme

-asis

Suffering

-card

Heart, = -cardiac

Heart, = -cardHeart, = -card-kard

-gen

proceeding from, effecting

-graphie

Writing, recording

-itis

Inflammation plural: -itides

-logie

Teaching

-lyse

Resolution, solution

Körperteile

Angulus

Angle, corner

Apertura

OpeningÖffnung

Arcus

Bow

Arteria (A.)

Artery, abbreviation: A. plural: Aa.Arterie, Abkürzung: A. plural: Aa.

Art. Articulatio (Art. )

Articulatio, joint, abbreviation: Art., plural: Artt.

Canalis

Channel

caput

Head (as a shape, not as a skull, as well as: articulated head)

Cavitas

Cave

Collum

Neck (e.g. for bones)

Cornu

Horn, Extension

Cor

Heart

Corpus

Body, shaft (bone)

Crista

Comb, projection, reinforced edge

Digitus

Finger

Ductus

Aisle, tube

Duodenum

Duodenum

Embryo

Foetus until the third month

Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Fascia

Fascia (connective tissue sheath around muscles)

Fetus

Foetus from the third month

Foramen

Hole

Fossa

Pit, deepening

Gaster

Stomach

Genu

Knee/Kniegelenk

Gingiva

Gums

Glandula

Gland

Gluteus

three-part gluteal muscle belonging to the hip musculature from gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus.

Gyrus

Winding, especially brain winding

Hiatus

Passage point, gap, opening

Hepar

Liver

Intestinum

Intestine, intestines (from the stomach outlet to the rectum)

Iris

iris

Kardia

Stomach entrance

kardial

belonging to the heart

Labium

Lip

Labyrinth

Cuticle, layerCuticle, layer(Schnecke und Bogengänge)

Lamina

Larynx

Larynx

Lien

Spleen, = splen

Splen

Spleen, = Lien

Ligamentum (Lig.)

Ligamentum, ligament. Abbreviation: Lig. , plural: Ligg.

Lingua

Tongue

Lobus

Lobe (cerebral lobe, pulmonary lobe)

Mamma

Mammary gland

Mamilla

Nipple

Mandibula

Lower jaw

Margo

Edge

Maxilla

Upper jaw

Manus

Hand

Meningen

Meninges (singular: meninx)

Musculus (M.)

Muscle (Latin: little mouse), abbreviation: M., plural: Mm.

Nervus (N.)

Nervus, nerve. Abbreviation: N., plural: Nn.

Nodus (Nd.)

Nodus, node. Abbreviation: Nd.

Nucleus (Ncl.)

Nucleus, core, core area. Abbreviation: Ncl.

Oesophagus

Oesophagus

Opticus

Optic nerve

Orbita

Eye socket

Os

Bones

Ovarium

Ovary

Pankreas

Pancreas

Pars

Part, one of several

Pericard

Pericardium

Periost

Periosteum

Peritoneum

Peritoneum

Pharynx

Throat

Pleura

Chest fur

Plexus

Plexus

Proc.Processus

Protrusion, extension

Prostata

Prostate gland

Pulmo

Lung

Pneumo

Lung

Radix (Rad.)

Radix, root, origin. Abbreviation: Rad.

Ramus (R.)

Ramus, branch, twig. Abbreviation: R.

Recessus

from re~: back~ and cedere: to give way

Rectum

Rectum

Ren

Kidney

Salpinx

Eileiter

Scrotum

Scrotum

Septum

Wall, separation

Sinus

Protrusion, depression, cavity, paranasal sinuses, dilation of veins (cavernous sinus, etc.)

Stoma

Mouth

Sulcus

Furrow, Gutter

Tendo

Tendon

Testis

Testicles

Thorax

Chest

Thyreoida

Thyroid gland

Tonsilla

Almond (neck)

Trachea

Trachea

Tuber

Hump, bead

Tuberculum

Tub. Bump

Tuberositas

uneven, bumpy, rough area

Umbilicus

Navel

Ureter

Ureter

Urethra

Urethra

Uterus

Uterus

Vagina

Scabbard

Vas

Vessel, vein

Vena (V.)

Vein, blood vessel that does not lead away from the heart. Abbreviation: V., plural: Vv.

Ventrikel

Chamber

Ventriculus

ventricle, ventricle of the brain, also: stomach

Vesica

Urinary bladder

weitere

Diabetes insipidus

Disease caused by a deficiency or inadequate effectiveness of the antidiuretic hormone ADH with pronounced polydipsia and polyuria

Myxödem

Distension of the subcutis due to storage of mucopolysaccharides (mucinosis), preferably at the edge of the tibia, more or less round face, coarsened skin structure, also in internal organs, e.g. myxedema of the heart resulting in cardiac insufficiency and enlargement; facial edema, eyelid edema. Myxedema is prallelastic, a depressed area disappears immediately (with normal edema the dent remains for a few minutes). Generalized myxedema occurs in hypedrthyroidism, in Graves‘ disease with immunological etiology also localized.

Sakroiliitis

Entzündung des Iliosakralgelenks wie sie etwa häufig im Rahmen eines Morbus Bechterew, nachrangig auch bei Morbus Reiter und Morbus Crohn auftritt.

CED

Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung. Dazu zählen vor allem Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa. CED heilen nicht aus, können aber auf unbestimmte Zeit in Remission gehen, bevor das nächste Rezidiv auftritt. Daher wird ihr Verhalten auch als chronisch rezidivierend bezeichnet.

Remission

Remission is a phase of attenuation or asymptomatic behavior of a disease that is not considered curable. Chronic relapsing diseases show phases of disease activity (also: „relapse“, „recurrence„) and remission in unpredictable alternation. The flare-up of disease activity can depend on various endogenous and exogenous factors, and psychological triggers often also play a role.

Abszess

local accumulation of pus

Amnesie

Memory loss

Aneurysma

Protrusion, dilation of an arterial wall

Atrophie

Abnahme, Schwund, z.B. von Geweben durch anhaltende Mangelversorgung

Carcinom / Karzimon

malignant tumor, cancer, also: carcinoma

Commotio

cerebral commotio, see also on the pathology page cerebral commotio/traumatic brain injury

Conjunctivitis

Conjunctivitis of the eye

Dec(k)ubitus

Pressure burn, pressure/positional ulcer

Delir

Demenz

Continuous decline in mental capacity, especially memory and thinking ability, see also the pathology page

diffuse

spread out, disorganized

Dilatation

Expansion of cavities/organs

Discus prolaps

Bandscheibenvorfall, mehr dazu auf der Pathologie-Seite.

Dislocation

Change of position, displacement, more on this on the Pathologie-Seite.

Disposition

Disposition

distal phalanx

the last phalanx, the one furthest from the center of the body

proximal phalanx

the first phalanx closest to the center of the body

medial phalanx

the middle phalanx, which is located between the distal and proximal

Embolism

Vascular blockage due to carried-over material, see e.g. Lung enembolism.

Emphysem

Inflation due to gases or air, see e.g. pulmonary emphysema

osteochondral lesion

Lesion of the cartilage cover of a bone in the joint area. In the case of defects, autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) and matrix-associated chondrocyte implantation (MACI) are superior but complex procedures. Microfracturing and Pridie drilling are technically simpler, but only lead to the formation of fibrocartilage and not hyaline cartilage. An alternative is osteochondral autologous transfer (OAT), in which unloaded areas serve as donors. Treatment with these procedures presupposes that the musculoskeletal system is working axially, otherwise this should be ensured with a realignment osteotomy.

Fissure

Spalt, Einriss, Schrunde

Fracture

Bone fracture, see also in the Pathology

generalized

widespread

Genesis

Origin, descent

Hematoma

Bruise

Hematuria

Blood, i.e. erythrocytes or their components in the urine, visible or not visible („microhematuria“)

Hemodialysis

Blood washing, artificial kidney

Hemophilia

Hemophilia

Hemorrhoids

dilated veins in the anal area, see also hier.

Hemiplegia

Hemiplegia

Hepatitis

Liver inflammation

Hyperglykämie

Blood sugar level too high. Blood sugar levels that are very clearly too high can lead to coma, either hyperosmolar or hyperglycemic coma, depending on the cause.

Hypoglycemia

blood sugar is too low. Blood sugar that is significantly too low can lead to hypoglycemic shock, which can be fatal if left untreated.

Hyperplasia

Enlargement of an organ, increase in the number of cells

Hypertonie

Increased blood pressure, for more information see in the Pathology.

Hypertrophy

Enlargement of an organ, only the individual cells

iatrogenic

caused by the doctor, e.g: Incorrect treatment

Icterus

Jaundice, for more information see hier.

Ileus

Intestinal obstruction, distinguish between mechanical and paralytic Ileus.

immunize

rendering insusceptible, active: by vaccination, passive: administration of serum

Indication

Healing indication

Infarction

Death of a tissue. For a heart attack, see hier.

Influenza

„real“ flu caused by influenza viruses (as opposed to flu-like infections)

Infusion

Administration of fluid into the vein

Incubation period

Period between infection and outbreak of a pathogen-related illness

Insufficiency

Insufficient performance of a body part, this can be an organ, for example (z.B. cardiac insufficiency), a muscle or a ligament (that means ojont instability).

Insulin

Hormon der Bauchspeicheldrüse, senkt den Blutzuckerspiegel

Intoxication

Poisoning

Intubation

Insertion of a tube into the windpipe

irreversible

no longer recoverable

Ischemia

Bloodlessness/non-supply of an organ, usually leads to its death, that is infarct.

Cachexia

Loss of strength, emaciation. Usually unintentional weight loss to such an extent that fat and muscle are already broken down; usually the result of severe „consuming“ diseases, such as AIDS, TB (tuberculosis), cancer, various autoimmune diseases

CHD

Coronary heart disease, usually arteriosclerosis of the heart vessels (coronaries/coronary arteries), may lead to angina pectoris and infarction

Colic

Cramp-like abdominal pain, usually very painful (biliary colic) to extremely painful (renal colic)

Collapse

Breakdown

contagious

contagious

Contusion

Contusion, bruise, see also unter Contusio oder zum hier zum Schädelhirntrauma.

Lesion

Injury, disturbance

lethal

fatal

Luxation

Dislocation, dislocation. Distinguish between subluxation or moderate dislocation and dislocation with complete loss of contact of the physiologically articulating surface and displacement of the bone ends „next to each other“. More on this on the Pathologie-Seite.

Lumbar spine

Lumbar vertebral bodies L1-L5, also: body region around these vertebral bodies

Malignancy

Malice

Meningitis

Meningitis

Mobility

Mobility

Morbus

Disease, see also the adjective morbid and the word formation polymorbid (also: multimorbid), suffering from several diseases.

Myalgia

Muscle pain

Neuralgia

Nerve pain

Constipation

Constipation

Oedema

Water accumulation in the tissue

Palpation

one of the classic examination methods: feeling with your hands

Examination methods

are the classical methods of physical examination (IPPAF):

  1. I Inspection. visually
  2. P Palpation: feel, pressure test
  3. P Percussion: tapping
  4. A Auscultation: listening
  5. F Functional tests

Pankreatitis

akute oder chronische Pancreatitis

Paralysis

Movement paralysis

Perforation

Breakthrough, e.g. of a hollow organ into its surroundings, such as the dreaded perforation of the vermiform appendix into the abdominal cavity as a complication of appendicitis or a damaged intestinal tube, also into the abdominal cavity. Such perforations usually progress rapidly into fulminant sepsis, which is also difficult to control with intensive care.

Perineum

the area between the anus and genitals

Percussion

one of the classical examination methods: tapping the body surface

Pleurisy

pleurisy, see also the Pathologie-Seite.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia, differentiated into various forms, e.g. Bronchopneumonie, Aspirationspneumonie, atypische Pneumonie

Reanimation

Wiederbelebung bei Herz- oder Atemstillstand. In der Regel zieht der eine Stillstand den anderen binnen kurz nach sich, so dass auf jeden Fall die Notwendigkeit einer Reanimation eintritt, z.B. in Form einer kardiopulnomalen Reanimation (Herz-Druckmassage plus Atemspende)

regressiv

rückbildend, rückschreitend

rekonvaleszent

genesend

Reposition

Zurückbringen in eine normale Lage, etwa eines dislozierten, subluxierten oder luxierten Knochens in einem Gelenk

Resektion

Zurückschneiden

Resistenz

Widerstandsfähigkeit

Resorption

Aufnahme von Stoffen (in die Blutbahn, durch die Haut)

Rezidiv

Rückfall

Ruptur

Riss, etwa eines Muskels (Muskelfaserriss), eines Bandes (Bänderriss) oder einer Sehne (Sehnenriss)

sekundär

in zweiter Linie, als Folge von etwas entstanden

senil

greisenhaft, altersschwach, mit dem/durch das Alter erworben

Sepsis

Butvergiftung, Vorhandensein von Erregern im Blut (welches eigentlich steril ist) mit der Gefahr, dass diese auf verschiedene versorgte Körpergewebe übergreifen, was auch hämatogene Ausbreitung genannt wird. Die Sepsis ist ein Notfall und muss dringend intensivmedizinisch versorgt werden, unbehandelt verläuft sie i.d.R. bei Übergang zum septischen Schock tödlich. Siehe dazu auch die Pathologie-Seite.

Sinusitis

Entzündung einer Nasennebenhöhle

Somnolenz

krankhafte Schläfrigkeit, Benommenheit

Spasmus

Krampfzustand von Muskeln

Spontanheilung

Die Heilung einer Krankheit ohne therateutische Maßnahmen wird als Spontanheilung bezeichnet. Die meisten akuten Erkrankungen können spontanheilen, aber nicht alle, bzw. einige nur mit sehr geringer Wahrscheinlichkeit. Grundlage der Spontanheilung ist sind körpereigene Mechanismen wie das Abwehrsystem (etwa als duales System im Blut vorhanden: Antikörper und Leukozyten) und Reparaturmechanismen wie das Entzündungsgeschehen. Im Falle chronischer Erkrankungen ist eine Spontanheilung eher unwahrscheinlich. Spontanheilung darf nicht mit Remission verwechselt werden. Chronisch rezidivierende Erkrankungen können über lange Zeit „verschwinden“, aber bei entsprechenden Parametern wieder aufflammen. Die Remission bezeichnet dabei nicht den asymptomatischen Zustand, sondern auch das Abflauen der die Symptome verursachenden Hintergrundgeschehen. Von Spontanheilung wird also nur gesprochen, wenn es sich nicht um Erkrankungen handelt, deren Neigung zu chronisch rezidivierendem Verlauf bekannt ist.

Status

Zustand, sowohl der aktuelle Zustand als auch eom anhaltend pathologischer Zustand oder Anfall, z.B. status epillepticus oder status asthmaticus.

Stenose

Verengung, Enge

Striktur

Hochgradige Verengung eines Hohlorgans

Struma

Kropf, oft durch Jodmangel in der Nahrung entstanden als Versuch, der Schilddrüse dem Blutstrom mehr Jod zu entnehmen. Daher liegt bei vorhandener Struma oft eine Hypothyreose vor.

Synkope

plötzliche Ohnmacht

Tetraplegie

Lähmung aller vier Gliedmaßen; = Tetraparese

Therapie

Behandlung

TIA

vorübergehende Minderdurchblutung des Gehirns, (transistorische ischämische Attacke). Wenn ein Schlaganfallgeschehen (Apoplexie) binnen 24 Stunden voll reversibel ist, spricht man von einer TIA. Bei rascher, guter Versorgung in einer Klinik mit Stroke-Unit (speziell zur Versorgung von Schlaganfällen eingerichteter Einheit), kann dies zuweilen erreicht werden. Verschwinden alle Symptome binnen 7 Tagen, spricht man von einem PRIND (prolongiertem reversiblen ischämischen neurologischen Defizit)

Tracheotomie

Luftröhrenschnitt, eine seit dem Altertum bekannte Möglichkeit Betroffene mit Verlegung der oberen Atemwege vor dem Ersticken zu retten. Im Gegensatz zur intensivmedizinisch heute durchgeführten Koniotomie, bei der die Eröffnung der Atemwege direkt unterhalb des Schildknorpels durchgeführt wird, eröffnet die Tracheotomie die Lüftröhre weiter kaudal zwischen zwei Knorpelspangen

Ulcus

Geschwür, z.B. als Magengeschwür, Geschwür des Doudenums oder im Rahmen einer Colitis ulcerosa im Darm. Bei schlechter Mikro- oder Makrozirkulation von peripheren Geweben auch als Ulcus Cruris der Haut auftretend.

Urtikaria

Nesselsucht, als Reaktion auf Nahrungsmittel, Medikamente oder Giftstoffe, auf Einwirkungen von Wärme oder Kälte, Licht oder Druck, oder auf psychischen Stress entstehende Hautrötung, meist als Folge von massenhafter Freisetzung von Histamin aus Mastzellen. Sie kann allergisch, autoimmunologisch oder infektiös bedingt sein.