yogabook / glossary
The glossary explains many terms relating to asana, anatomy, physiology, pathology, training theory, movement physiology and biomechanics as well as some of the scientific principles.
philosophy . terminology . definitions of orientation . terms of location and direction . prefixes . suffixes . body parts . other
Philosophy
citta-vrtti
gunas
rajas
samkhya
sattva
tamas
citta-vrtti
the activity of the thinking organ, especially in its characteristic of unbridled, unmotivated, uncontrolled forward thinking as one of the main sources of disturbance in the human system as a whole.
samkhya
gunas
the 3 natural qualities tamas , rajas and sattva, from which everything that exists arises through combination.
tamas
the natural quality guna of dullness, darkness, inertia, lack, unconsciousness and the like, in short, the undeveloped(st) component, which is completely destructive on its own, just as rajas is destructive on its own
rajas
the natural quality guna of work (on..), movement, struggle (for..), drive, impulse and the like, in short the dynamic component, which taken on its own is just as destructive as tamas taken on its own
sattva
the natural quality guna of balance, clarity, ability and the like.
Terminology
a- an- ab-
abdominalis
-abel
Abszess
acromialis
Adipositas
-aemie
-al
-algie/algesie
-alis
Amnesie
anal
Aneurysma
Angulus
ante-
anterior
anti-
Apertura
apikal
Apoplexie
Arcus
Arteria
Arthritis
Arthrose
Articulatio
ascendens
-ase
-asis
Atrophie
auto
basal
brachial
brady-
Bursa
Bursitis
Canalis
Carcinom
-card
Cavitas
CED
Cholangitis
Cholelithiasis
Collum
Commotio
Conjunctivitis
contra-
Cor
Cornu
Corpus
costalis
cranialis
Crista
cysticus
de-
Dec(k)ubitus
Delir
Demenz
descendens
dexter
dia-
Diabetes insipidus
Diabetes mellitus
diffus
Digitus
Dilatation
dis-
Diskusprolaps
Dislokation
Disposition
distal
distales Fingerglied
dorsal
dorsalis
Ductus
Duodenum
dys-
ektop
Embolie
Embryo
Emphysem
en-
endo-
epi-
Epiglottis
ex-
externus
extra-
Fascia
femoris
Femur
Femurkopf / Hüftkopf
Fetus
fibularis
Fissur
Foramen
Foramen Magnum
Fossa
Fraktur
frontal
Gaster
gastricus
-gen
generalisiert
Genese
genital
Genu
Gingiva
Glandula
Gluteus
-graphie
Gyrus
Hallux
Hämatom
Hämaturie
Hämodialyse
Hämophilie
Hämorrhoiden
Hemiplegie
Hepar
hepatis
Hepatitis
hetero-
Hiatus
homo-
Humerus
hyper-
Hyperglykämie
Hyperplasie
Hypertonie
Hypertrophie
hypo-
iatrogen
-ibel
Ikterus
Ileus
iliac
immunisieren
in-
Indikation
Infarkt
inferior
Influenza
Infusion
Inkubationszeit
Insuffizienz
Insulin
inter-
internus
intestinal
intestinal
Intestinum
Intoxikation
intra-
intrakorporal
Intubation
ipsi-
ipsilateral
Iris
irreversibel
Ischämie
iso-
-itis
Kachexie
kard
Kardia
kardial
kaudal
KHK
Kolik
Kollaps
kontagiös
kontra-
kontralateral
Kontusion
kranial
Labium
Labyrinth
Lamina
laryngeal
Larynx
Läsion
lateral
letal
Lien
lienalis
Ligamentum
Lingua
Lobus
-logie
longitudinalis
lumbal
Luxation
LWS (Lendenwirbelsäule)
-lyse
makro-
Malignität
Mamilla
Mamma
Mandibula
Manus
Margo
Maxilla
maximus
medial
mediales Fingerglied
median
medius
mega-
Meningen
Meningitis
meta-
mikro-
minimus
Mobilität
mono-
Morbus
Musculus
Myalgie
Myogelose
Myxödem
neo-
Nervus
Neuralgie
Nodus
nuchal
Nucleus
Oberschenkelhals / Femurhals
Obstipation
Ödem
Oesophagus
okzipital
Opticus
oral
Orbita
ortho-
Os
osteochondrale Läsion
Ovarium
palmaris
Palpation
Pankreas
Pankreatitis
para-
Paralyse
paravertebral
parietal
Pars
Patella
Patellapol
pectoralis
per-
Perforation
Pericard
Perineum
Periost
Peritoneum
Perkussion
peroneus
Pharynx
plantaris_adjektiv
Pleura
Pleuritis
Plexus
Pneumo
Pneumonie
post-
posterior
prae- prä-
pro-
Processus
profundus
Prostata
proximal
proximales Fingerglied
pseudo-
Psoriasis
Pulmo
pulmonalis
radialis
Radius
Radix
Ramus
Reanimation
Recessus
Rectum
regressiv
rekonvaleszent
Remission
Ren
renalis
Reposition
Resektion
Resistenz
Resorption
retro-
retrosternal
Rezidiv
Ruptur
sakral
Sakroiliitis
Salpinx
caput
Scrotum
sekundär
senil
Sepsis
Septum
sinister
Sinus
Sinusitis
Somnolenz
Spasmus
spinal
Splen
Spontanheilung
Status
steno-
Stenose
Stoma
Striktur
Struma
sub-
Sulcus
super-
superficialis
superior
supra-
syn-, sym-
Synkope
tachy-
Talus (Sprungbein)
Tendo
TEP (Totalendoprothese)
terminal
Testis
Tetraplegie
Therapie
thoracal
thoracal
thoracicus
thorakal
Thorax
Thrombophlebitis
Thrombose
Thyreoida
TIA
tibialis
Tonsilla
Trachea
Tracheotomie
transversus
Tuber
Tuberculum
Tuberositas
Ulcus
ulnaris
ultra-
Umbilicus
Untersuchungsmethoden
Ureter
Urethra
Urtikaria
Uterus
Vagina
Vas
Vena
ventral
ventralis
Ventriculus
Ventrikel
vertebralis
Vesica
viszeral
zervikal
Lagebezeichnungen
abdominalis
belonging to the belly
acromialis
belonging to the shoulder height (acromion)
apikal
located at the top
basal
forming the basis
brachial
on the upper arm
costalis
on the ribs
cranialis
belonging to or pointing towards the skull
cysticus
belonging to the bile duct system
dorsalis
on the back, backwards
ektop
located in the wrong place
intrakorporal
within the body
femoris
on the thigh, the upper leg
fibularis
belongig to the shin bone (tibia) also refers to the lower leg muscles M. fibularis longus and M. fibularis brevis
gastricus
belonging to the stomach
hepatis
on or in the liver
iliac
belonging to the ilium
intestinal
Intestines…
lienalis
belonging to the spleen
laryngeal
Pharyngeal…
lumbal
Lumbar…
nuchal
Neck.
palmaris / palmar
belonging to the palm of the hand
pectoralis / pectoral
belonging to the chest
peroneus
belonging to the calf bone
plantaris (als adjektiv)
belonging to the sole of the foot, also name of the muscle M. plantaris
pulmonalis
on or in the lungs
radialis
on the spoke
renalis
on or in the kidney
retrosternal
behind the sternum
sakral
belonging to the Kreuzbein
spinal
belonging to the spine
terminal
located at the end, end-
thoracicus
on or in the chest
thoracal
Chest…
tibialis
belonging to the shin (Tibia)
transversus
running across, striving through
ulnaris
at the Ulna; in the case of movements, ulnar means „towards the ulna“
vertebralis
belonging to a vertebrae
zervikal
belonging to the cervical spine
Richtungsbezeichnungen
ventral
front, breast side = anterior
anterior
front, breast side = ventral
dorsal
rear, back = posterior
posterior
back, dorsal = dorsal
ascendens
ascending
descendens
descending
dexter
dext. right
sinister
sin. left
inferior
below
superior
top
kaudal
below (tailwards)
kranial
cranial (top of the skull)
externus
ext. outside, superficial ?
internus
int. inside, in the body
proximal
close/closer to the center of the body
distal
away from the center of the body
medial
centered(er) / towards the middle of the body
lateral
to the side(s) / to the side
ipsilateral
same page
kontralateral
on the opposite side of the body
maximus
max. the largest ?
minimus
max. the smallest
frontal
in the frontal plane or parallel to it
profundus
prof. deep
superficialis
superficial, superficial
longitudinalis
in longitudinal direction
medius
middle, between two
median
centered, in/on the midline of the body
paravertebral
next to the spine
ventralis
ventr. anteriorly, on the abdomen, abdominally
okzipital
located towards the back of the head
oral
on/in/about the mouth
parietal
belonging to the body wall
viszeral
to a viscera …
thoracal
belonging to the thorax, also thoracic
thorakal
belonging to the thorax, also thoracic
anal
belonging to the anus
genital
to sexual organs …
intestinal
to the intestines …
Präfixe
a- an- ab-
un-, not, away, free from, the absence of (a negation)
ante-
front/front
anti-
against, = contra-
contra-
against, = anti-
auto-
self-
brady-
slowly
de-
from, away, down
dia-
through, through, apart, between
dis-
apart, between, across
dys-
Disturbance of a condition, bad
en-
in, into, = endo-
endo-
in, into = en-
epi-
on it
extra-
from, out of, outside, = ex-
ex-
from, out of, outside, = extra-
hetero-
different
homo-
equal
hyper-
over, too much
hypo-
under, too little
in-
inside
inter-
between
intra-
within
ipsi-
equal
iso-
iso-, equal, sometimes also: homo-
kontra-
vs.
makro-
Large (visible to the eye)
mega-
large
meta-
behind
mikro-
small
mono-
single, alone
neo-
new
ortho-
straight, right (right)
para-
beside, on both sides, at, towards,
per-
through
post-
after, behind (locally, temporally)
pro-
for
prae- prä-
before
pseudo-
wrong
retro-
behind
steno-
narrow
sub-
under
supra-
over, above, = super-
super-
over, above, = supra-
syn-, sym-
together
tachy-
fast
ultra-
beyond that, beyond
Suffixe
-abel
denotes the ability to do something, also: -able = -ibel
-ibel
denotes the ability to do something, also: -able = -abel
-aemie
Blood, in the bloodBlut, im Blut
-algie/algesie
Pain
-alis
belonging to something, = -al
-al
belonging to something, = -alis
-ase
Enzyme
-asis
Suffering
-card
Heart, = -cardiac
Heart, = -cardHeart, = -card-kard
-gen
proceeding from, effecting
-graphie
Writing, recording
-itis
Inflammation plural: -itides
-logie
Teaching
-lyse
Resolution, solution
Körperteile
Angulus
Angle, corner
Apertura
OpeningÖffnung
Arcus
Bow
Arteria (A.)
Artery, abbreviation: A. plural: Aa.Arterie, Abkürzung: A. plural: Aa.
Art. Articulatio (Art. )
Articulatio, joint, abbreviation: Art., plural: Artt.
Canalis
Channel
caput
Head (as a shape, not as a skull, as well as: articulated head)
Cavitas
Cave
Collum
Neck (e.g. for bones)
Cornu
Horn, Extension
Cor
Heart
Corpus
Body, shaft (bone)
Crista
Comb, projection, reinforced edge
Digitus
Finger
Ductus
Aisle, tube
Duodenum
Duodenum
Embryo
Foetus until the third month
Epiglottis
Epiglottis
Fascia
Fascia (connective tissue sheath around muscles)
Fetus
Foetus from the third month
Foramen
Hole
Fossa
Pit, deepening
Gaster
Stomach
Genu
Knee/Kniegelenk
Gingiva
Gums
Glandula
Gland
Gluteus
three-part gluteal muscle belonging to the hip musculature from gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus.
Gyrus
Winding, especially brain winding
Hiatus
Passage point, gap, opening
Hepar
Liver
Intestinum
Intestine, intestines (from the stomach outlet to the rectum)
Iris
iris
Kardia
Stomach entrance
kardial
belonging to the heart
Labium
Lip
Labyrinth
Cuticle, layerCuticle, layer(Schnecke und Bogengänge)
Lamina
Larynx
Larynx
Lien
Spleen, = splen
Splen
Spleen, = Lien
Ligamentum (Lig.)
Ligamentum, ligament. Abbreviation: Lig. , plural: Ligg.
Lingua
Tongue
Lobus
Lobe (cerebral lobe, pulmonary lobe)
Mamma
Mammary gland
Mamilla
Nipple
Mandibula
Lower jaw
Margo
Edge
Maxilla
Upper jaw
Manus
Hand
Meningen
Meninges (singular: meninx)
Musculus (M.)
Muscle (Latin: little mouse), abbreviation: M., plural: Mm.
Nervus (N.)
Nervus, nerve. Abbreviation: N., plural: Nn.
Nodus (Nd.)
Nodus, node. Abbreviation: Nd.
Nucleus (Ncl.)
Nucleus, core, core area. Abbreviation: Ncl.
Oesophagus
Oesophagus
Opticus
Optic nerve
Orbita
Eye socket
Os
Bones
Ovarium
Ovary
Pankreas
Pancreas
Pars
Part, one of several
Pericard
Pericardium
Periost
Periosteum
Peritoneum
Peritoneum
Pharynx
Throat
Pleura
Chest fur
Plexus
Plexus
Proc.Processus
Protrusion, extension
Prostata
Prostate gland
Pulmo
Lung
Pneumo
Lung
Radix (Rad.)
Radix, root, origin. Abbreviation: Rad.
Ramus (R.)
Ramus, branch, twig. Abbreviation: R.
Recessus
from re~: back~ and cedere: to give way
Rectum
Rectum
Ren
Kidney
Salpinx
Eileiter
Scrotum
Scrotum
Septum
Wall, separation
Sinus
Protrusion, depression, cavity, paranasal sinuses, dilation of veins (cavernous sinus, etc.)
Stoma
Mouth
Sulcus
Furrow, Gutter
Tendo
Tendon
Testis
Testicles
Thorax
Chest
Thyreoida
Thyroid gland
Tonsilla
Almond (neck)
Trachea
Trachea
Tuber
Hump, bead
Tuberculum
Tub. Bump
Tuberositas
uneven, bumpy, rough area
Umbilicus
Navel
Ureter
Ureter
Urethra
Urethra
Uterus
Uterus
Vagina
Scabbard
Vas
Vessel, vein
Vena (V.)
Vein, blood vessel that does not lead away from the heart. Abbreviation: V., plural: Vv.
Ventrikel
Chamber
Ventriculus
ventricle, ventricle of the brain, also: stomach
Vesica
Urinary bladder
weitere
Diabetes insipidus
Disease caused by a deficiency or inadequate effectiveness of the antidiuretic hormone ADH with pronounced polydipsia and polyuria
Myxödem
Distension of the subcutis due to storage of mucopolysaccharides (mucinosis), preferably at the edge of the tibia, more or less round face, coarsened skin structure, also in internal organs, e.g. myxedema of the heart resulting in cardiac insufficiency and enlargement; facial edema, eyelid edema. Myxedema is prallelastic, a depressed area disappears immediately (with normal edema the dent remains for a few minutes). Generalized myxedema occurs in hypedrthyroidism, in Graves‘ disease with immunological etiology also localized.
Sakroiliitis
Entzündung des Iliosakralgelenks wie sie etwa häufig im Rahmen eines Morbus Bechterew, nachrangig auch bei Morbus Reiter und Morbus Crohn auftritt.
CED
Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankung. Dazu zählen vor allem Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa. CED heilen nicht aus, können aber auf unbestimmte Zeit in Remission gehen, bevor das nächste Rezidiv auftritt. Daher wird ihr Verhalten auch als chronisch rezidivierend bezeichnet.
Remission
Remission is a phase of attenuation or asymptomatic behavior of a disease that is not considered curable. Chronic relapsing diseases show phases of disease activity (also: „relapse“, „recurrence„) and remission in unpredictable alternation. The flare-up of disease activity can depend on various endogenous and exogenous factors, and psychological triggers often also play a role.
Abszess
local accumulation of pus
Amnesie
Memory loss
Aneurysma
Protrusion, dilation of an arterial wall
Atrophie
Abnahme, Schwund, z.B. von Geweben durch anhaltende Mangelversorgung
Carcinom / Karzimon
malignant tumor, cancer, also: carcinoma
Commotio
cerebral commotio, see also on the pathology page cerebral commotio/traumatic brain injury
Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis of the eye
Dec(k)ubitus
Pressure burn, pressure/positional ulcer
Delir
Demenz
Continuous decline in mental capacity, especially memory and thinking ability, see also the pathology page
diffuse
spread out, disorganized
Dilatation
Expansion of cavities/organs
Discus prolaps
Bandscheibenvorfall, mehr dazu auf der Pathologie-Seite.
Dislocation
Change of position, displacement, more on this on the Pathologie-Seite.
Disposition
Disposition
distal phalanx
the last phalanx, the one furthest from the center of the body
proximal phalanx
the first phalanx closest to the center of the body
medial phalanx
the middle phalanx, which is located between the distal and proximal
Embolism
Vascular blockage due to carried-over material, see e.g. Lung enembolism.
Emphysem
Inflation due to gases or air, see e.g. pulmonary emphysema
osteochondral lesion
Lesion of the cartilage cover of a bone in the joint area. In the case of defects, autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) and matrix-associated chondrocyte implantation (MACI) are superior but complex procedures. Microfracturing and Pridie drilling are technically simpler, but only lead to the formation of fibrocartilage and not hyaline cartilage. An alternative is osteochondral autologous transfer (OAT), in which unloaded areas serve as donors. Treatment with these procedures presupposes that the musculoskeletal system is working axially, otherwise this should be ensured with a realignment osteotomy.
Fissure
Spalt, Einriss, Schrunde
Fracture
Bone fracture, see also in the Pathology
generalized
widespread
Genesis
Origin, descent
Hematoma
Bruise
Hematuria
Blood, i.e. erythrocytes or their components in the urine, visible or not visible („microhematuria“)
Hemodialysis
Blood washing, artificial kidney
Hemophilia
Hemophilia
Hemorrhoids
dilated veins in the anal area, see also hier.
Hemiplegia
Hemiplegia
Hepatitis
Liver inflammation
Hyperglykämie
Blood sugar level too high. Blood sugar levels that are very clearly too high can lead to coma, either hyperosmolar or hyperglycemic coma, depending on the cause.
Hypoglycemia
blood sugar is too low. Blood sugar that is significantly too low can lead to hypoglycemic shock, which can be fatal if left untreated.
Hyperplasia
Enlargement of an organ, increase in the number of cells
Hypertonie
Increased blood pressure, for more information see in the Pathology.
Hypertrophy
Enlargement of an organ, only the individual cells
iatrogenic
caused by the doctor, e.g: Incorrect treatment
Icterus
Jaundice, for more information see hier.
Ileus
Intestinal obstruction, distinguish between mechanical and paralytic Ileus.
immunize
rendering insusceptible, active: by vaccination, passive: administration of serum
Indication
Healing indication
Infarction
Death of a tissue. For a heart attack, see hier.
Influenza
„real“ flu caused by influenza viruses (as opposed to flu-like infections)
Infusion
Administration of fluid into the vein
Incubation period
Period between infection and outbreak of a pathogen-related illness
Insufficiency
Insufficient performance of a body part, this can be an organ, for example (z.B. cardiac insufficiency), a muscle or a ligament (that means ojont instability).
Insulin
Hormon der Bauchspeicheldrüse, senkt den Blutzuckerspiegel
Intoxication
Poisoning
Intubation
Insertion of a tube into the windpipe
irreversible
no longer recoverable
Ischemia
Bloodlessness/non-supply of an organ, usually leads to its death, that is infarct.
Cachexia
Loss of strength, emaciation. Usually unintentional weight loss to such an extent that fat and muscle are already broken down; usually the result of severe „consuming“ diseases, such as AIDS, TB (tuberculosis), cancer, various autoimmune diseases
CHD
Coronary heart disease, usually arteriosclerosis of the heart vessels (coronaries/coronary arteries), may lead to angina pectoris and infarction
Colic
Cramp-like abdominal pain, usually very painful (biliary colic) to extremely painful (renal colic)
Collapse
Breakdown
contagious
contagious
Contusion
Contusion, bruise, see also unter Contusio oder zum hier zum Schädelhirntrauma.
Lesion
Injury, disturbance
lethal
fatal
Luxation
Dislocation, dislocation. Distinguish between subluxation or moderate dislocation and dislocation with complete loss of contact of the physiologically articulating surface and displacement of the bone ends „next to each other“. More on this on the Pathologie-Seite.
Lumbar spine
Lumbar vertebral bodies L1-L5, also: body region around these vertebral bodies
Malignancy
Malice
Meningitis
Meningitis
Mobility
Mobility
Morbus
Disease, see also the adjective morbid and the word formation polymorbid (also: multimorbid), suffering from several diseases.
Myalgia
Muscle pain
Neuralgia
Nerve pain
Constipation
Constipation
Oedema
Water accumulation in the tissue
Palpation
one of the classic examination methods: feeling with your hands
Examination methods
are the classical methods of physical examination (IPPAF):
- I Inspection. visually
- P Palpation: feel, pressure test
- P Percussion: tapping
- A Auscultation: listening
- F Functional tests
Pankreatitis
akute oder chronische Pancreatitis
Paralysis
Movement paralysis
Perforation
Breakthrough, e.g. of a hollow organ into its surroundings, such as the dreaded perforation of the vermiform appendix into the abdominal cavity as a complication of appendicitis or a damaged intestinal tube, also into the abdominal cavity. Such perforations usually progress rapidly into fulminant sepsis, which is also difficult to control with intensive care.
Perineum
the area between the anus and genitals
Percussion
one of the classical examination methods: tapping the body surface
Pleurisy
pleurisy, see also the Pathologie-Seite.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia, differentiated into various forms, e.g. Bronchopneumonie, Aspirationspneumonie, atypische Pneumonie
Reanimation
Wiederbelebung bei Herz- oder Atemstillstand. In der Regel zieht der eine Stillstand den anderen binnen kurz nach sich, so dass auf jeden Fall die Notwendigkeit einer Reanimation eintritt, z.B. in Form einer kardiopulnomalen Reanimation (Herz-Druckmassage plus Atemspende)
regressiv
rückbildend, rückschreitend
rekonvaleszent
genesend
Reposition
Zurückbringen in eine normale Lage, etwa eines dislozierten, subluxierten oder luxierten Knochens in einem Gelenk
Resektion
Zurückschneiden
Resistenz
Widerstandsfähigkeit
Resorption
Aufnahme von Stoffen (in die Blutbahn, durch die Haut)
Rezidiv
Rückfall
Ruptur
Riss, etwa eines Muskels (Muskelfaserriss), eines Bandes (Bänderriss) oder einer Sehne (Sehnenriss)
sekundär
in zweiter Linie, als Folge von etwas entstanden
senil
greisenhaft, altersschwach, mit dem/durch das Alter erworben
Sepsis
Butvergiftung, Vorhandensein von Erregern im Blut (welches eigentlich steril ist) mit der Gefahr, dass diese auf verschiedene versorgte Körpergewebe übergreifen, was auch hämatogene Ausbreitung genannt wird. Die Sepsis ist ein Notfall und muss dringend intensivmedizinisch versorgt werden, unbehandelt verläuft sie i.d.R. bei Übergang zum septischen Schock tödlich. Siehe dazu auch die Pathologie-Seite.
Sinusitis
Entzündung einer Nasennebenhöhle
Somnolenz
krankhafte Schläfrigkeit, Benommenheit
Spasmus
Krampfzustand von Muskeln
Spontanheilung
Die Heilung einer Krankheit ohne therateutische Maßnahmen wird als Spontanheilung bezeichnet. Die meisten akuten Erkrankungen können spontanheilen, aber nicht alle, bzw. einige nur mit sehr geringer Wahrscheinlichkeit. Grundlage der Spontanheilung ist sind körpereigene Mechanismen wie das Abwehrsystem (etwa als duales System im Blut vorhanden: Antikörper und Leukozyten) und Reparaturmechanismen wie das Entzündungsgeschehen. Im Falle chronischer Erkrankungen ist eine Spontanheilung eher unwahrscheinlich. Spontanheilung darf nicht mit Remission verwechselt werden. Chronisch rezidivierende Erkrankungen können über lange Zeit „verschwinden“, aber bei entsprechenden Parametern wieder aufflammen. Die Remission bezeichnet dabei nicht den asymptomatischen Zustand, sondern auch das Abflauen der die Symptome verursachenden Hintergrundgeschehen. Von Spontanheilung wird also nur gesprochen, wenn es sich nicht um Erkrankungen handelt, deren Neigung zu chronisch rezidivierendem Verlauf bekannt ist.
Status
Zustand, sowohl der aktuelle Zustand als auch eom anhaltend pathologischer Zustand oder Anfall, z.B. status epillepticus oder status asthmaticus.
Stenose
Verengung, Enge
Striktur
Hochgradige Verengung eines Hohlorgans
Struma
Kropf, oft durch Jodmangel in der Nahrung entstanden als Versuch, der Schilddrüse dem Blutstrom mehr Jod zu entnehmen. Daher liegt bei vorhandener Struma oft eine Hypothyreose vor.
Synkope
plötzliche Ohnmacht
Tetraplegie
Lähmung aller vier Gliedmaßen; = Tetraparese
Therapie
Behandlung
TIA
vorübergehende Minderdurchblutung des Gehirns, (transistorische ischämische Attacke). Wenn ein Schlaganfallgeschehen (Apoplexie) binnen 24 Stunden voll reversibel ist, spricht man von einer TIA. Bei rascher, guter Versorgung in einer Klinik mit Stroke-Unit (speziell zur Versorgung von Schlaganfällen eingerichteter Einheit), kann dies zuweilen erreicht werden. Verschwinden alle Symptome binnen 7 Tagen, spricht man von einem PRIND (prolongiertem reversiblen ischämischen neurologischen Defizit)
Tracheotomie
Luftröhrenschnitt, eine seit dem Altertum bekannte Möglichkeit Betroffene mit Verlegung der oberen Atemwege vor dem Ersticken zu retten. Im Gegensatz zur intensivmedizinisch heute durchgeführten Koniotomie, bei der die Eröffnung der Atemwege direkt unterhalb des Schildknorpels durchgeführt wird, eröffnet die Tracheotomie die Lüftröhre weiter kaudal zwischen zwei Knorpelspangen
Ulcus
Geschwür, z.B. als Magengeschwür, Geschwür des Doudenums oder im Rahmen einer Colitis ulcerosa im Darm. Bei schlechter Mikro- oder Makrozirkulation von peripheren Geweben auch als Ulcus Cruris der Haut auftretend.
Urtikaria
Nesselsucht, als Reaktion auf Nahrungsmittel, Medikamente oder Giftstoffe, auf Einwirkungen von Wärme oder Kälte, Licht oder Druck, oder auf psychischen Stress entstehende Hautrötung, meist als Folge von massenhafter Freisetzung von Histamin aus Mastzellen. Sie kann allergisch, autoimmunologisch oder infektiös bedingt sein.